STUDI KOMPARATIF PENAFSIRAN AYAT WARISAN (SURAH AN-NISA: 11-12) ANTARA TAFSIR AL-MARAGHI DAN TAFSIR AL-AZHAR

الملخص

The interpretation of Islamic inheritance law continues to attract scholarly attention due to the
emergence of various social issues related to wealth distribution, family justice, gender rights, and the
changing structure of contemporary Muslim societies. Surah An-Nisa verses 11–12 constitute the primary
legal foundation of the Islamic inheritance system, providing detailed regulations concerning the allocation of
inheritance shares among heirs. However, interpretations of these verses vary considerably depending on the
socio-cultural backgrounds, intellectual orientations, and methodological approaches of individual exegetes.
This study aims to analyze the interpretation of inheritance verses in Tafsir al-Maraghi and Tafsir al-Azhar,
identify the similarities and differences in their interpretive approaches, and examine their relevance to
contemporary Muslim societies. The study employs a qualitative approach through library research and
utilizes a comparative tafsir method. Primary sources consist of Tafsir al-Maraghi by Ahmad Mustafa al-
Maraghi and Tafsir al-Azhar by Hamka, particularly their interpretations of Surah An-Nisa verses 11–12.
Data were analyzed through thematic categorization, comparative interpretation, and socio-contextual
analysis. The findings indicate that Tafsir al-Maraghi adopts a rational-reformist approach that emphasizes
legal structure, systematic inheritance regulations, and the socio-economic responsibilities underlying
inheritance distribution. In contrast, Tafsir al-Azhar presents a socio-cultural and contextual approach that
highlights moral values, family harmony, and the realities of Indonesian Muslim society. Both tafsirs share
the view that inheritance law functions as an instrument of social justice aimed at balancing rights and
obligations among family members. The novelty of this research lies in its examination of the relationship
between exegetical methodology, socio-historical context, and the construction of justice in Islamic inheritance
law through a comparative study of a Middle Eastern reformist tafsir and a Nusantara socio-cultural tafsir.
This study contributes to the development of tafsir ahkam studies and offers a contextual understanding of
Islamic inheritance law that remains relevant to contemporary social dynamics.